Comparación de métodos de estimación del gasto energético en reposo en adultos jóvenes de Yucatán, México
Resumen
Introducción: Extrapolar ecuaciones matemáticas para la predicción del gasto energético en reposo (GER) a poblaciones diferentes a la original donde fueron desarrolladas, puede comprometer la precisión del cálculo.
Objetivo: comparar diversas ecuaciones predictivas del GER contra la calorimetría indirecta (CI) para la determinación de la mejor ecuación como alternativa en adultos jóvenes universitarios en Yucatán.
Material y Métodos: estudio transversal con 34 mujeres y 30 hombres (20.25 ± 1.5 años) clasificados de acuerdo a su índice de masa corporal (IMC): subgrupos sin sobrepeso y con sobrepeso. La medición del GER fue a través de un calorímetro indirecto portátil. El análisis estadístico incluyó la evaluación del sesgo con intervalos de confianza del 95%, precisión, exactitud y correlación de Pearson (P=0.01).
Resultados: a pesar de la alta correlación entre las ecuaciones predictivas del GER y la CI, no fue posible identificar alguna con clara superioridad frente al resto. La ecuación de MifflinSt Jeor mostró algunas ventajas al evaluar al grupo total.
Conclusión: en la práctica clínica, las ecuaciones predictivas son un instrumento útil y económico que no debe ser descartado a pesar de sus limitaciones.
Palabras clave: Calorimetría indirecta. Índice de masa corporal. Evaluación nutricional. Impedancia eléctrica. Metabolismo basal. Metabolismo energético.
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